Nama: Bayanul Azhari

Hafifah

Group: 4

STYLES AND STRATEGIE

• Process, Style, and Strategy
• Learning Style
• Field Independence

Process, Style, and Strategy

Process is step that is traveled by human being that is involved the experiences in order to

get what they want. All human beings engage in certain universal process. Just as we all need air, water, and food for our survival, so do all humans of normal intelligence engage in certain levels or types of learning. Human being universally make stimulus response connection and are driven be reinforcement. Everyone has some degree of aptitude for learning a second language that may be described by specified verbal learning process.

Style is a term that refer to consistent and rather enduring tendencies or preferences within an individual. Styles are those general characteristics of intellectual functioning (and personality type as well) than pertain to you as an individual, and that differentiate you from someone else, for example, you might be more visually oriented, ore tolerant of ambiguity, more reflective than someone else-these would be style that characterize a general or dominant pattern in your thinking or felling. So style very across individual.

Strategies are specific method of approaching a problem or task, mode of operation for achieving a particular end, planned designs for controlling and manipulating certain information. Oxford & Ehrman (1998,p.8) defined second language learning strategies as “specific action, behaviors, step, or technique used by students to enhance their own learning.”

Learning Style

The way we learn things in general and the way we attack a problem seem to hinge on a rather amorphous link between personality and cognition; this link is referred to as cognitive style. When cognitive style are specifically related to an educational context, when affective physiological factors are intermingled , they are usually more generally referred to as learning style.

Learning style mediate between emotion cognition, for example: a reflective style invariably grows out of reflective personality or a reflective mood. An impulsive style, on the oher hand, ususlly arises out of an impulsive emotional state. People’s life style are determined by the way they internalize thei total environment, and since that internalization procces is not strictly cognitive, we find that physical, affective, and cognitive domain merge in learning style. Ehrman and leaver (2003) researched the televance of nine such style to second language acquisition:

1. Field independence-dependence
2. Random (non-linear) vs. sequential (linear)
3. Global vs. Particuar
4. Inductive vs. deductive
5. Synthetic vs. analytic
6. Analogue vs. digital
7. Concrete vs. abstract
8. Leveling vs. sharpening
9. Impulsive vs. refective

Field Independence

Field Independence is synonimous with field sensitively a term that may carry a more positive connotation. A field independence style enable you to distinguish parts from a whole, to concentrate on something (like reading a book in noisy train station), or to analyze separate variable without the contemination of neighboring variable. On the other hand, too much FI may result in cognitive “tunnel vision” you see only the parts and not their relationship to the whole.