group 10 (Eny Faizah 2130730010 and Ahmad Baidlawi F. 2130730011)

Ø PROCESS, STYLE, AND STRATEGY

Process is the most general of the three concepts, and was essentially the focus of the previous chapter.

Style is a term that refers to consistent and rather enduring tendencies of preferences within an individual. The phrase ‘learning style’ refers to a person’s general approach to learning and is dependent upon that person’s cognitive, affective and behavioral characteristics (Oxford, “The Role of Styles and Strategies in Second Language Learning”, 1989).

Strategies are specific methods of approaching a problem or task, modes of operation for achieving a particular end, planned designs for controlling and manipulating certain information. The strategies a student uses to learn a second language depend greatly on their individual learning style. Some students are outgoing and will experiment freely and frequently while learning a new language. Other students are more introverted, preferring a more individual, private approach to the way they learn and practice the language. The strategies used by an outgoing student may vary significantly when compared with the strategies of a more reserved student.

Ø LEARNING STYLES

Learning styles might be thought of as “cognitive, affective, and physiological traits that are relatively stable indicators of how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning environment” (Keefe, 1979, p. 4).

Ø FIELD INDEPENDENCE

Field independence is, conversely, the tendency to be “dependent” on total field so that the parts embedded within the field are not easily perceived, although that total field is perceived more clearly as a unified whole.