ZUKHRUF UMUL PRATIWI - ABDUL GANI

(ZUKHRUF UMUL PRATIWI – ABDUL GANI)

Cooperative learning is an educational approach which aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. There is much more to Cooperative Learning than merely arranging students into groups, and it has been described as "structuring positive interdependence." Students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward academic goals.

           Elements

Johnson and Johnson (2009) posited five variables that mediate the effectiveness of cooperation. Brown & Ciuffetelli Parker (2009) and Siltala (2010) discuss the 5 basic and essential elements to cooperative learning:

1. Positive interdependence
1. Students must fully participate and put forth effort within their group
2. Each group member has a task/role/responsibility therefore must believe that they are responsible for their learning and that of their group
2. Face-to-face promotive interaction
1. Members promote each other's success
2. Students explain to one another what they have or are learning and assist one another with understanding and completion of assignments
3. Individual and group accountability
1. Each student must demonstrate mastery of the content being studied
2. Each student is accountable for their learning and work, therefore eliminating “social loafing”
4. Social skills
1. Social skills that must be taught in order for successful cooperative learning to occur
2. Skills include effective communication, interpersonal and group skills
1. Leadership
2. Decision-making
3. Trust-building
4. Friendship- development
5. Communication
6. Conflict-management skills
5. Group processing
1. Group processing occurs when group members (a) reflect on which member actions were helpful and (b) make decision about which actions to continue or change.
2. The purpose of group processing is to clarify and improve the effectiveness with which members carry out the processes necessary to achieve the group's goals.