Group 14 Nita Wahyuni/Ayu WAndyra/cooperative learning

Name                    : Nita Wahyuni

                               Ayu wandyra

Group                  : 14

COOPERATIVE LEARNING

Cooperative learning is the methods where the student from some level which mixed in their ability and divine into some group so that they can work together to maximize their own and each other's learning. Cooperative learning structures have been in and out of favor in American education since the early 1900s, when they were introduced by the American education reformer John Dewey, according to Anita Woolfolk (Educational Psychology, 2004).

Ø  David and Roger Johnson (Woolfolk, 2004) have identified  in cooperative learning and defined it into five elements such as:

·         Face-to-Face Interaction

Students are promoting each others' learning through face-to-face activities where they discuss and explain assignment topics with each other.

·         Positive Interdependence

Students have the sense that they're 'in this together,' feeling that each member's individual effort will not only help him, but the whole group. The grade of each student is dependent upon the effort of other group members.

·         Individual Accountability

Each student is accountable for their own contribution to the group. Clearly described goals ensure that each student knows what she is responsible for and what the group is responsible for.

·         Group Processing

Students are given a means for analyzing their group for how well the group has learned, and whether or not collaborative skills are being used.

·         Collaborative Skills

Students learn not only the subject matter, but interpersonal skills and how to work in teams. Students are taught skills of communication, leadership and conflict management during the early stages of cooperative learning session.

Ø  Understand the five basic elements that make cooperation work.  There is nothing magical about putting students in groups.  Students can compete with group mates, students can work individualistically while ignoring group mates or students can work cooperatively with group mates.  In order to structure cooperative learning effectively, teachers need to understand how to structure positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, appropriate use of social skills, and group processing into learning situations.