group 11 (anita & rosdiana)

NAME   : ANITA (2130730003)

                  ROSDIANA (2130730016)

CLASS    : VI/A

GROUP : 11

Cooperative Learning

the term cooperative learning (CL) refer to students working in teams on an assignment or project under condition in which certain criteria are satisfied, including that the team members be held individually accountable for  the complete content of the assignment or project (Richard M. Felder and Rebecca Brent). Cooperative learning is now an accepted and often the preferred instructional procedure at all levels of education.  Cooperative learning is presently used in schools and universities in every part of the world, in every subject area, and with every age student.  It is difficult to find a text on instructional methods, a teacher’s journal, or instructional materials that do not discuss cooperative learning.  Materials on cooperative learning have been translated into dozens of languages.  Cooperative learning is now an accepted and highly recommended instructional procedure(David W Johnson and Roger T Johnson).

Definition of Cooperative Learning

A learning goal is a desired future state of demonstrating competence or mastery in the subject area being studied. Each goal structure has its place (Johnson & Johnson, 1989, 1999).  In the ideal classroom, àall students would learn how to work cooperatively with others, compete for fun and enjoyment, and work autonomously on their own. 

àThe teacher decides which goal structure to implement within each lesson. 

àThe most important goal structure, and the one that should be used the majority of the time in learning situations, is cooperation.

 Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning. In cooperative and individualistic learning, you evaluate student efforts on a criteria-referenced basis while in competitive learning you grade students on a norm-referenced basis.  While there are limitations on when and where you may use competitive and individualistic learning appropriately, you may structure any learning task in any subject area with any curriculum cooperatively.

Types of Cooperative Learning

There are formal cooperative learning groups the teachers’ role:

1.       Making preinstructional decisions.

2.       Explaining the instructional task and cooperative structure.

3.       Monitoring students’ learning and intervening to provide assistance in (a) completing the task successfully or (b) using the targeted interpersonal and group skills effectively.

4.       Assessing students’ learning and helping students process how well their groups functioned. 

There are Informal Cooperative Learning

1.  Introductory Focused Discussion.

2.  Intermittent Focused Discussions.

3.  Closure Focused Discussion.