Nama : Bayanul Azhari

: Hafifah

Group IV

LEARNING AND TEACHING

• Communication Strategies
• Avoidance Strategies
• Compensatory Strategies

Communication Strategies

Communication strategies pertain to employment of verbal or non-verbal mechanism for productive communication for information. In 1983a, p, 36, they defined that Communication strategies as “potentially conscious plans for solving what to an individual presents itself as a problem in reaching particular communicative goal.” Also, Strategic Communication refers to policy-making and guidance for consistent information activity within an organization and between organizations. Equivalent business management terms are: integrated (marketing) communication, organizational communication, corporate communication, institutional communication, etc. the most important concept to understand in relation to communication strategy is that communication should be seen from the audience’s perspective. One way to think about this is each time a person or organization communicates, they should ask themselves the following question: “As a result of this communication, my audience will…”

Avoidance Strategies

Avoidance is a common communication strategy that can be broken down into several subcategories. The most common type of avoidance strategy is. A more direct type of avoidance is topic avoidance, in which a whole topic of conversation (say, talking about what happened yesterday if the past tense is unfamiliar) might be avoided entirely. Learner manage to devise ingenious methods of topic avoidance: changing the subject pretending not to understand (a classical means for avoiding answering a question), simply not responding at all, or notice ably abandoning a message when a thought becomes too difficult to express.

Compensatory Strategies

Compensatory strategies are environmental modifications or behavioral strategies designed to bypass persistent impairment in attention, memory, executive-function, and/or other cognitive skills as a means to achieve desired rehabilitation goals. Environmental modifications could include the use of external aids or modifying the setting in which activities take place. The use of an alphanumeric pager and a checklist for a person with memory and executive-function deficits to ensure completion of daily tasks at specific times would be an example of external aids. Working in a distraction-free room to enhance concentration skills in a person with symptoms of dis-inhibition would be an example of modifying an environment. Examples of behavioral strategies would include repeating phrases during social interactions to ensure accurate processing of conversation, or associating words with images to enhance recall.

Another common set of communication device involves conversation for missing knowledge. Typical o rock-bottom beginning-level learners, for example, is the memorization of certain stock phrases or sentences without internalized knowledge of their components. These memorized chunk of language, known as prefabricated patterns, are often found in pocket bilingual phrase books, which list hundreds of sentence for various occasions: “How much does this cost?” “Where is the toilet?” “I don’t speak English?” “I don’t understand you.” Such phrase are memorized by rote to fit their appropriate context. Prefabricated pattern are sometimes the source of some merriment.