Group 2 (Andita Suryani-Jeffry Yudistira) "Communication strategies"

Name of Group 2 :

1            1. Andita Suryani

              2. Jeffry Yudistira

Communication Strategies

Communication strategies pertain to the employment of verbal or non-verbal mechanisms for the productive communication of information. Faerch and Kasper (1983a, p.36) defined communication strategies as “potentially conscious plans for solving what to an individual present itself as a problem in reaching a particular communicative goal”. Communication strategies divided into two type.

1.      Avoidance Strategies. The most common strategies in this type are syntactic and lexical avoidance. Moreover a direct type of avoidance is topic avoidance which is a whole topic of conversation. The point of this strategy are message abandonment and topic avoidance.

2.      Compensatory strategies.

a.      Circumlocution: Describing an object of action

b.      Approximation: using alternative term to express the meaning of the lexical item.

c.       Use all-purposes: extending a general.

d.      Word coinage: creating a nonexisting L2 word based on a suppose rule.

e.      Prefabricated patterns: using memorize stock phrase.

f.        Nonlinguistic signals: Mime, gesture, etc

g.      Literal translation: translating a lexical item, idiom compound word from L1 to L2

h.      Foreignizing : Using a L1 word by adjusting it To L2 phonology.

i.        Code-switching: using L1 word-LI pronunciation

j.        Appeal for help : Asking for aid from the interlocutor either directly.

k.       Stalling or time-gaining strategies: using filters or hesitation devices.