group 5

NAME            : ANI SUKMA SARI                       (2130730015)

                        : FATHIMATUZZAHROH             (21307300)

CLASS           : IVA

GROUP         : 5

      COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

Faerch and Kasper (1983a, p.36) defined communication strategies as potentially conscious plans for solving what to an individual presents itself as a problem in reaching a particular communicative goal. Strategies may or may not be “potentially conscious”; support for such a conclusion comes from observations of first language acquisition strategies that are similar to those used by adults in second language learning contexts (Bongaerts & Poulisse, 1989).

      AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES

Avoidance is a common communication strategy that can be broken down into several subcategories. There are two common type of avoidance are massage abandonment and topic avoidance. Phonological avoidance is also common, using the word rally and instead opted to say simply. A more direct type of avoidance is topic avoidance, in which a whole topic of conversation. Simply, not respond at all or notice ably abandonee a message, when a thought becomes too difficult to express.

      COMPENSATORY STRATEGIES

                   Another common set of communication devices involves compensation for missing knowledge. There are some type of compensatory are circumlocution, approximation, use of all-purpose words, word coinage, prefabricated patterns, nonlinguistic signals, literal translation, foreignizing, code-switching, appeal for help, stalling, or time-gaining strategies.

                        Typical of rock-bottom beginning-level learners. Prefabricated patterns are often found in pocket bilingual phrase books. Yet another common compensatory strategy is a direct appeal for help, often termed appeal to authority. The list of potential useful communication strategies is not limited to the 13 types. Provide a comprehensive taxonomy combining both communication and learning strategies (Oxford 1990a).