Group 4

Hafifah 

Bayanul Azhari :2130730006

Styles and Strategies

u Autonomy, Awareness, and Action

u Strategies

u Learning Strategies

AUTONOMY

            Learner autonomy, the term was first coined in 1981 by Henri Holec, the "father" of learner autonomy. Learner autonomy is a problematic term because it is widely confused with self-instruction. It is also a slippery concept because it is notoriously difficult to define precisely. Learner Autonomy is about learning to learn and developing assessment for learning.

            (CIEL Handbook, 2000, p. 5): “Learner autonomy indicates a number of dimensions in which learners move away from dependence on the teacher and:

Ò Take responsibility for their own learning and learn to learn;

Ò Develop key transferable skills (e.g., study, time-management, IT, interpersonal skills etc.);

Ò Actively manage their learning; seeking out learning opportunities and using appropriate learning strategies;

Ò Involve themselves in an interactive process in which they set short and long term learning objectives, reflect on and evaluate progress.”

AWARENESS

            Language Awareness can be defined as explicit knowledge about language, and conscious perception and sensitivity in language learning, language teaching and language use

ACTION

            Action learning is a powerful tool for self-awareness and group-awareness that accomplishes four objectives simultaneously:

Ò It helps organizations solve urgent problems,

Ò It helps build groups that learn,

Ò It helps enhance the leadership skills of group members, and

Ò It helps develop the emotional intelligence of individuals and groups as a whole.

STRATEGIES

Strategies are those specific “attacks” that we make on a given problem, and that very considerably within each individual. They are the techniques that we employ to solve “problem”. In 2005, Chamot defines that strategies quite broadly as “procedures” that acilitate learning task. Strategies are more concious ang goal type of strategy for example: learning strategies and communication strategy.

LEARNING STRATEGIES

            In Learning Strategies, the stratgies are devided into 3 main categories:

1. Metacognitive Strategies : it is a term used in information-processing theory to

    indicate an “executive” function, strategies that planing for learning, thinking about

    the learning process as it taking place.

2. Cognitive Strategies: are more limited to specific learning task and involve more

    direct manupulation of the learning material itself.

3. Sociaffetive Strategies: have to do with socal mediating activity and intracting with

    other.